Designed for professionals who work with elementary and middle school students in language development, Thinking About Language focuses on oral expression skills. It is an essential resource for any educator seeking user-friendly explanations of typical and atypical language development, guidance on how to incorporate language instruction, and practical strategies for the classroom.
Preface
Acknowledgments
About Landmark Outreach
About the Author
Landmark Teaching Principles
Introduction
Auditory Retention and Recall
Chapter One: Phonology
Introduction
Phonological Awareness
Auditory Discrimination of Phonemes
Articulation of Phonemes
Articulation of Multisyllabic Words
Responding to Unintelligible Speech in the Classroom
Responding to Processing/Production Errors in the Classroom
Bibliography of Instructional Materials
Chapter Two: Morphology
Introduction
Regular Noun Plurals
Noun-Verb Agreement
Definite and Indefinite Articles
Noun Possessives
Irregular Noun Plurals
Present Progressive Tense of Verbs
Third-Person Singular, Present-Tense Verbs
Past Tense of Verbs
Irregular Past Tense of Verbs
The Irregular Present-Tense Linking Verb "Be"
Present-Tense Linking Verbs
The Irregular Present-Tense Verbs "Have" and "Do"
Modals
Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs and Modals
Contractions
Future Tense of Verbs
The Six Verb Tenses
Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs (Regular and Irregular)
Suffixes
Prefixes
Bibliography of Instructional Materials
Chapter Three: Syntax
Introduction
Word Order in Simple Sentence
Simple Sentences with a Noun Phrase and Action Verb
Simple Sentences with Where Phrases
Simple Sentences with When Phrases
Simple Sentences with Where and When Phrases
Simple Sentences with Adjectives
Simple Sentences with Adverbs
Simple Sentences with Negatives
Passive Voice
Yes-No Interrogatives
Indirect Requests
Wh- Interrogatives
Basic Sentence Types, Classified by Purpose
Conjunction Deletions
Phrases with Verbals: Participles, Gerunds, and Infinitives
Compound Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions
Compund Sentences with Conjuncts (Connectives)
Sentences with Correlative Conjunctions
Complex Sentences with Subordinate Adverbial Clauses
Sentences with Right-Branched Adjective Clauses: Subordinate Clauses as Object-Related Adjectives
Sentences with Embedded Adjective Clauses: Subordinate Clauses as Subject-Related Adjectives
Complex Sentences with Noun Clauses: Relative Clauses as Subjects, Objects, Predicate Nominatives, or Objects of Prepositions
Statements with Quotations
Sentences with Structural Ambiguities
Bibliography of Instructional Material
Chapter Four: Semantics
Introduction
Vocabulary: Action Verbs
General Vocabulary
Vocabulary: Adjectives That Describe Quality
Vocabulary: Adjectives That Tell Which or How Many
Vocabulary:Adverbs
Word Retrieval
Locative, Directional, Spatial, and Temporal Prepositions
Instrumental and Idiomatic Prepositions
Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns
Demonstrative, Indefinite, and Indefinite Negative Pronouns
Categories
Antonyms
Synonyms
Homonyms: Multiple-Meaning Words
Analogies
Temporal-Sequential Relationships
Directional Words
Figurative Language
Making Inferences
Literature
Bibliography of Instructional Materials
Chapter Five: Pragmatics
Introduction
Discourse: Presenting a Topic
Discourse: Summarizing an Event or a Selection from Literature
Discourse: Sharing Descriptive Information
Discourse: Expressing Comparisons and Contrasts
Discourse: Explaining a Process
Discourse: Describing Cause and Effect
Discourse: Expressing Opinions
Discourse: Eliciting Comments from Students Who Give No Response
Discourse: Encouraging Students to Expand on Minimal or Incomplete Responses
Dicourse: Accommodating Students Who Exhibit Slow Processing or Delay in Formulating a Response
Social Communication: Ritualizing
Social Communication: Requesting Information or Assistance
Social Communication: Conversation and Discussion
Social Communication: Classroom Discussion
Resolving a Conflict
Social Communication: Resolving Conflicts in a Residential Setting or during Free Time
Paralinguistic Communication: Articulatory and Prosodic Features
Paralinguistic Communication: Volume and Pitch
Paralinguistic Communication: Register
Paralinguistic Communication: Nonverbal Skills
Paralinguistic Communication: Disfluency / Dysfluency
Bibliography of Instructional Materials
References
Glossary
Bibliography
Appendix