Resources

These resources were created and/or collected by Outreach staff to assist you in better understanding how to teach students with LBLD.

  • Developing Confident, Capable Writers: Process Writing Strategies

    April 2, 2025 By Erin Broudo If you ask a room full of middle school students with language-based learning disabilities (LBLD), “Who here struggles with writing?”, inevitably nearly every hand will fly up. I ask my students this question every year, not to start the year on a negative note, but to reset their thinking

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  • A boy in a striped shirt sits at a table while a teacher helps him

    Provide Models

    Updated February 27, 2024 The fifth principle of Landmark’s Six Teaching Principles is to provide models. The use of models helps us learn efficiently and effectively. From infancy onward, we all need models to learn new skills. Infants’ babbling mimics the sounds of caregivers and lays the foundation that enables them to develop spoken language.

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  • Back to Basics: The Value of Repetition

    by Katherine Kinsman September 12, 2023 In many ways, for educators, the start of the school year is our new year. Similar to New Year’s Day, at the beginning of the school year, I find myself in conversations about setting goals and in discussions about making resolutions to implement a variety of new policies and

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  • Supporting Orthographic Mapping Skills in Emergent Readers

    by Natalia Harrison November 1, 2023 Oxford Languages defines mapping as the act of being “associated with or linked to (an equivalent group).” If orthography deals with the written representation of language, how then, do we map orthographically? In many ways, it is as complex as it sounds. Orthographic mapping is the process by which

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  • An image of a finding the main idea strategy

    Finding the Main Idea

    Updated August 31, 2023 A commonly used reading comprehension strategy is to teach students how to find the main idea. But why does this strategy work?  To support students’ understanding and to help lessen students’ cognitive demands, the research recommends that educators explicitly teach students about text structure. What Works Clearinghouse offers recommendations for improving

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  • Research Writing Process: Organize, Outline, and Draft

    March 1, 2023 The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) report titled Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively asserts that “Effective writing is a vital component of students’ literacy achievement, and writing is a critical communication tool for students to convey thoughts and opinions, describe ideas and events, and analyze information” (Graham et al, 2016, p.1).  

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  • Spelling Instruction: A Diagnostic-Prescriptive Approach

    by Paul Howard April 23, 2023 If you are around my age, you might remember spelling in elementary school as something akin to the following: Your well-intentioned teacher gave you a list of words on Monday, and on Friday she (usually she) gave you a dictated test of those (usually 10 or so) words. I

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  • A student taking purposeful research notes

    The Research Writing Process

    Updated February 13, 2023 Why do students with LD struggle with the research and writing process? In their review of recent research into writing interventions for students with learning disabilities, Amy Gillespie Rouse and Ashley Sandoval (2018) make the following observation: “Compared to their peers without learning disabilities, these students spend less time planning for

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  • The Hidden Demands of Writing

    December 12, 2022 Writing is a complex, high-level task that incorporates and synthesizes many language skills from phonemic awareness to handwriting to critical thinking and analysis. In their research to confirm the efficacy of Self-Regulated Strategy Development, Steve Graham and Karen Harris asserted that “skilled writing was a highly demanding process that was self-directed, requiring

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