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A high school student completing a writing assessment.

Jul 20, 2016

Informal Assessment

While formal assessment measures can give a picture of student performance as measured against peers using normed references, it is informal assessment that teachers most frequently use to improve, modify, adapt, and accommodate instruction as a means to maximize student learning as measured through their performance. Informal assessment measures are a key component of diagnostic

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An elementary aged student is playing a literacy game with her teacher.

Jul 18, 2016

Games to Reinforce Reading and Spelling

Not only does this type of instruction assist students with the acquisition of reading skills, but it can also support spelling. Additional educational research highlights that the skills of reading and spelling are very closely linked and require an understanding of the same basic language skills, such as knowing that sounds are represented by letters.

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An elementary teacher helping a student with an assignment at the student's desk.

Jul 16, 2016

Receptive and Expressive Language and Specific Learning Disabilities

The skills of listening and speaking in the classroom fall into two categories:  Receptive Language These skills enable us to comprehend spoken and written words and sentences, as well as non-verbal communication. Difficulty with receptive language can present tremendous challenges with learning and social interaction in the classroom. Students who have difficulty in receptive language

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Colorful teaching resources within an elementary classroom.

Jul 13, 2016

Executive Function: Activation Routines

Educators can support students executive functions and help them get started through creating consistent activation routines. Several Outreach resources are related to six aspects of executive function: activation, focus, effort, emotion, memory, and action.1 In addition, we’ll continue to organize the resources in relation to Landmark’s Six Teaching Principles™. This resource focuses on strategies to activate students toward

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Two students in an elementary classroom with a smiling student raising her hand.

Jul 13, 2016

Working Memory: Classroom Strategies

What is working memory? Working memory requires the brain to learn and manipulate new information in such a way that it can be translated into long-term memory and referenced again. It is essentially the work station of the brain: learning and filtering new information, working with that information, and then storing it for future use.

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A high school student writes at a desk with an open computer.

Jul 12, 2016

Expository Writing Across the Curriculum

To begin, if students are going to be able to accurately reflect what they know in writing, they must not only comprehend the text read, but they must also understand the prompt for which they are writing. If a prompt is asking them to explain the role of a character in a story, they need

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An elementary aged student is reading from a picture book alongside a smiling educator.

Jul 12, 2016

Word-Picture Associations Help Students with LBLD Develop Vocabulary

The simplest approach to teaching vocabulary words and their definitions is to have a student find a target word in a dictionary and to write out its meaning (Stahl 1986). Unfortunately, as many teachers are keenly aware, the most parsimonious approach is not always the most effective approach. In fact, researchers (e.g., Stahl 1986) have

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A standing high school teacher speaks to a classroom of students in a horseshoe arrangement of desks.

Jul 11, 2016

Study Skills: Materials Management

One of the most visible ways students can demonstrate difficulty with study skills is in managing their materials. It is common for teachers to see students with messy backpacks or students who cannot remember or find important materials for class. This can be a point of stress for both teachers and students, and without directly

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Two students work together at a desk within an elementary classroom.

Jul 9, 2016

Proofreading

An important component of the writing process, one that often challenges students with language-based learning disabilities, is proofreading. Proofreading is an element of editing focused on the concrete skills of spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structure. “Critical proofreading, or critical thought, relies on a fairly well-developed metacognitive ability which many students with language-based learning disabilities lack. The language demands involved in applying

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Free Resources for Educators

Learn about recent research and explore instructional strategies to support your students with SLD.

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