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Nov 1, 2023
The Executive Functions and Literacy
The graphic below provides a visual representation of the intersection of these skills. Language and literacy skills include listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Study skills include flexible and appropriate use of strategies for managing materials, time and language/information. Self-efficacy (the belief that one’s actions are related to outcomes) includes skills in self-awareness, self-assessments, and self-advocacy.
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Nov 1, 2023
Supporting Orthographic Mapping Skills in Emergent Readers
Oxford Languages defines mapping as the act of being “associated with or linked to (an equivalent group).” If orthography deals with the written representation of language, how then, do we map orthographically? In many ways, it is as complex as it sounds. Orthographic mapping is the process by which words are stored in the brain
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Sep 18, 2023
Working Memory Overview
Working memory is an essential aspect of cognitive function. In everyday life, people use their working memory to remember number sequences like phone numbers, pin numbers, and passwords. Research on memory and learning shows that working memory also plays a vital role in academic achievement and is considered the biggest indicator of academic success. Studies
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Sep 12, 2023
Back to Basics: The Value of Repetition
At Landmark School, our instruction is guided by the Language Box™ and Landmark’s Six Teaching Principles™. As we design lessons to support our students who struggle with language and literacy skill acquisition, these two tools are at the heart of our instructional practice. Most importantly, they enable us to effectively scaffold instruction and create classroom
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Sep 1, 2023
Poetry in the Age of Science of Reading
As an advocate for the teaching of reading as an art as well as a science, I am a firm believer that poetry and other rhythmical texts offer unique advantages and opportunities for teachers and children in reading instruction. Below I outline just some of the ways that making poetry a daily part of the
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May 1, 2023
Research Writing: Finding and Evaluating Sources
Amy Gillespie Rouse and Ashley Sandoval (2018) make the following observation: “Students with learning disabilities often have difficulty monitoring their own writing behaviors and use of cognitive strategies during the writing process (Mason, Kubina, & Taft, 2011). Perhaps as a result of their writing difficulties, students with learning disabilities often lack motivation for engaging in
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Apr 23, 2023
Spelling Instruction: A Diagnostic-Prescriptive Approach
Today, as an early literacy specialist, I know that spelling requires far more than memorization, and students’ spelling performance reveals much about their word recognition and reading ability (Conrad, 2008). Spelling is a valuable diagnostic tool that can show teachers how students process speech sounds and how they make the connection between those sounds and
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Mar 3, 2023
Phonemic Awareness: What is It, and How Does It Relate to Reading?
David Kilpatrick (2016) defines phonemic awareness as the ability to notice that spoken words can be broken down into smaller parts called phonemes (p. 13). Louisa C. Moats (2010) also describes it as “the conscious awareness that words are made up of segments of our own speech” (p. 277). It is a subset of the
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Mar 1, 2023
Research Writing Process: Organize, Outline, and Draft
The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) report titled Teaching Secondary Students to Write Effectively asserts that “Effective writing is a vital component of students’ literacy achievement, and writing is a critical communication tool for students to convey thoughts and opinions, describe ideas and events, and analyze information” (Graham et al, 2016, p.1). Like reading, research
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